重陽節(jié)又稱登高節(jié)。在這一天,人們登高望遠,思念親人。正如詩中所說:“每逢佳節(jié)倍思親。”那么重陽節(jié)是怎么來的呢?
原來,我國古代把九叫做“陽數(shù)”,農歷九月九日,兩九相重,都是陽數(shù),因此稱為“重陽”。
重陽節(jié)來源于民間傳說:
東漢時,河南省汝南縣里有一個叫桓景的農村小伙子,父母雙全,妻子兒女一大家。日子雖然不算好,半菜半糧也能過得去。誰知不幸的事兒來了。
汝河兩岸害起了瘟疫,家家戶戶都病倒了,尸首遍地沒人埋。這一年,桓景的父母也都病死了。
桓景小時候聽大人們說:“汝河里住有一個瘟魔,每年都要出來到人間走走。它走到哪里就把瘟疫帶到哪里。桓景決心訪師求友學本領,戰(zhàn)瘟魔,為民除害。聽說東南山中住著一個名叫費長房的仙人,他就收拾行裝,起程進山拜師學藝。費長房給桓景一把降妖青龍劍。桓景早起晚睡,披星戴月,不分晝夜地練開了。轉眼又是一年,那天桓景正在練劍,費長房走到跟前說:“今年九月九,汝河瘟魔又要出來。你趕緊回鄉(xiāng)為民除害。我給你茱萸葉子一包,菊花酒一瓶,讓你家鄉(xiāng)父老登高避禍。”仙翁說罷,用手一指,一只仙鶴展翅飛來,落在桓景面前。桓景跨上仙鶴向汝南飛去。
桓景回到家鄉(xiāng),召集鄉(xiāng)親。把大仙的話給大伙兒說了。九月九那天,他領著妻子兒女、鄉(xiāng)親父老登上了附近的一座山。把茱萸葉子每人分了一片,說這樣隨身帶上,瘟魔不敢近身。又把菊花酒倒出來,每人啄了一口,說喝了菊花酒,不染瘟疫之疾。他把鄉(xiāng)親們安排好,就帶著他的降妖青龍劍回到家里,獨坐屋內,單等瘟魔來時交戰(zhàn)降妖。不大一會兒,只聽汝河怒吼,怪風旋起。瘟魔出水走上岸來,穿過村莊,走千家串萬戶也不見一個人,忽然抬頭見人們都在高高的山上歡聚。
它竄到山下,只覺得酒氣刺鼻,茱萸沖肺,不敢近前登山,就又回身向村里走去,百姓的牲畜可遭了殃。忽來一房前,瘟魔見一個人正在屋中端坐。就吼叫一聲向前撲去。桓景一見瘟魔撲來,急忙舞劍迎戰(zhàn)。斗了幾個回合,瘟魔戰(zhàn)他不過,拔腿就跑。桓景“嗖”的一聲把降妖青龍劍拋出,只見寶劍閃著寒光向瘟魔追去,穿心透肺把瘟魔扎倒在地
百姓傍晚歸家,見雞犬牛羊皆死,皆感謝桓景請大家登山避難。此后,汝河兩岸的百姓,再也不受瘟魔的侵害了。不過后來,人們?yōu)榱吮艿湥康骄旁戮湃眨措x開家庭,去到高處。這樣就逐漸形成了登高望遠,插茱萸、喝菊花酒的習慣,并形成了節(jié)日。可能重陽節(jié)已近晚秋,大氣涼爽,空氣清新,能見度高,重陽登高遠眺這一節(jié)日也很快被大江南北其他地方所接受。當年桓景避難所登的山岡,即今上蔡縣城所在的蘆崗。
蘆崗位于上蔡縣西,又名西岡、蘆山崗。其北起百尺的前王村,南終汝南的金鋪鎮(zhèn),長22.5公里,寬約5公里,平地突起,蜿蜒如龍,故又名臥龍崗。崗上溝壑縱橫,林木蒼翠,登之可望郎陵(樂山)、嵖岈諸峰。東有“其形如山”,周長10公里的蔡國故城(國家重點文物保護單位);南有千古一相李斯的故里—李七樓和李斯墓;西有松柏森森的蔡叔寢宮—蔡侯陵和漢代寺院“蟾虎寺”。
Double Ninth Festival Custom
Double Ninth Festival is also called Height Ascending Festival, when people will ascend a height to have a far-sight and miss relatives and friends. In ancient times, Chinese called 9 as a Yang number, thus, the lunar 9 S eptember is double Yang, which is Chongyang in Chinese.
There was a legend in folk about this festival. It's said that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a young man, Huan Jing in Runan, Henan province, who has a big family. One year, a monster came with pestilence which killed almost all the people. Then Huan went to learn magic from a God, Fei Changfang. At nest time the devil came, that's the lunar 9 September, he leaded his family and fellows in the village to ascend to a nearby mountain, and hand to everyone a piece of cornel leaf to drive away the devil and a mouth of chrysanthemum wine to defend from pestilence. Then, later, in every lunar 9 September people will leave home to high places. Gradually, the custom of ascend a height to have a far-sight, inserting cornel and drink chrysanthemum wine established and become a festival. And quickly, this festival is well recognized by the people all around the country.