麝香是天然香料,屬動物性香料之一,又名:當(dāng)門子、臍香、麝臍香、四味臭、臭子、臘子、香臍子。主要分布于東北、華北及陜西、甘肅、青海、四州、西藏、云南、貴州、廣西、湖北、河南、安徽等地。我省豫西山區(qū)盧氏,豫南山區(qū)均有分布。麝香,為鹿科動物麝的雄性香腺囊中的分泌物干燥而成,是一種高級香料,如果在室內(nèi)放一丁點(diǎn),使會滿屋清香,氣味迥異。麝香不僅芳香宜人,而且香味持久。麝香在我國使用,已有悠久歷史。唐代詩人杜甫在《丁香》詩中遇:"晚墜蘭麝中"。麝香是配制高級香精的重要原料。古代文人、詩人、畫家都在上等麝料中加少許麝香,制成"麝墨"寫字、作畫,芳香清幽,若將字畫封妥,可長期保存,防腐防蛀。
麝香是十分名貴的藥材,含有豐富的營養(yǎng)成份。含水22.66%、灰分8.62%(其中含鉀、鈉、鈣、鎂、氯、硫酸根、磷酸根等)、含氯化合物(中含碳酸銨 1.1%、銨鹽中的氨1.89%。尿素0.4%、氨基酸氮1.077%,總氮量6.16%)、膽甾醇2.19%、粗纖維0.59%、脂肪酸5.15%、麝香酮1.2%。麝香性辛、溫、無毒、味苦。入心、脾、肝經(jīng),有開竅、辟穢、通絡(luò)、散淤之功能。主治中風(fēng)、痰厥、驚癇、中惡煩悶、心腹暴痛、跌打損傷、癰疽腫毒。許多臨床材料表明,冠心病患者心絞痛發(fā)作時,或處于昏厥休克時,服用以麝香為主要成分的蘇合丸,病情可以得到緩解。古書《醫(yī)學(xué)入門》中談"麝香,通關(guān)透竅,上達(dá)肌肉。內(nèi)入骨髓......"。《本草綱目》云:"......蓋麝香走竄,能通諸竅之不利,開經(jīng)絡(luò)之壅遏"。其意是說麝香可很快進(jìn)入肌肉及骨髓,能充分發(fā)揮藥性。治療瘡毒時,藥中適量加點(diǎn)麝香,藥效特別明顯。西藥用麝香作強(qiáng)心劑興奮劑等急救藥。
麝亦稱香獐,哺乳綱,是珍貴的野生動物,生長在大石山的森林中,以樹葉、野草、苔蘚和野果為食。麝生性機(jī)靈,性急好跳蹦,膽小狐獨(dú),白天隱伏在偏僻、溫暖之處休息,早晚外出活動。動作敏捷,又善跳躍,一般不易捉到。過去采取捕殺野生麝取香,實(shí)屬"殺雞取蛋"。為了保護(hù)我國珍貴資源,國家規(guī)定嚴(yán)禁獵麝,并采取人工飼養(yǎng),活麝取香的辦法,使麝香產(chǎn)量大大增加,已居世界首位。我國還是麝香的主要出口國家。麝香在國外的主綠用途是制造高級化妝品及香水,也是制造某些貴重中成藥不可缺少的重要藥材原料。
Musk
Musk is a natural animal spice which is mainly produced in Lushi County and the mountain areas in the Western Henan.
Musk is made from dried secretions of male sweet gland capsules, which is a superior spice with lasting fragrant smell. Musk is not only an important element to make superior essences, but also a precious medicinal material and contains plentiful nutrition. It is pungent, warm, non-poisonous and taste bitter in nature. In the terms of its medical functions, it can opening the seven apertures, dredging collaterals, dissipating blood stasis and mainly cure diseases of apoplexy, phlegm syncope, epilepsy, sudden and violent headache, traumatic injuries, pyogenic infections on ulcers and so on.
In order to protect our national precious resources, our country chooses means of artificial feeding and collecting living materials so that the yield improves greatly and has occupied head position in the world become a major musk-exported country.