河南新縣位于長江淮河之濱大別山腹地的新縣,是我國銀杏干果的主要產區。新縣銀杏個大、色白、營養豐富,在國內外享有盛名,每年收獲季節,吸引了許多國外僑商、港澳臺客戶紛紛前往旅游、觀光、洽談貿易。成為河南省外貿出口大宗土特產品,走俏國際市場。新縣也因此獲得了“中國銀杏之鄉的美稱。
河南新縣生產銀杏,源遠流長,歷史悠久。據《本草綱目》記載,銀杏,又名白果,亦稱公孫樹,為落葉喬木,雌雄異株。兩億年前,銀杏科曾在地球上繁衍成大類族,爾后冰川滅頂,幸存者僅有中國。考古學家郭沫若先生稱它是“東方圣者”,中國考古、地質學把它看作“植物的活化石”,成為地球上的稀珍。自唐太宗南巡,尉遲敬德在新縣種下銀杏樹至今已有一千多年歷史。宋代歐陽修詩云:“絳囊初入貢,銀杏貴中州”。早在唐宋年間,新縣產的名貴銀杏干果即上貢朝廷。建國后,新縣人民政府重視發展銀杏生產。擴展了銀杏樹的種植面積。
全縣十七個鄉鎮一百多個行政村舉目可見銀杏樹,不僅對樹齡千年、百年以上的4150棵古銀杏樹加強科學管理,保持銀杏干果年年豐收。而且引進速生技術,大大縮短了銀杏苗圃移植后的掛果期,過去六年掛果已變為當年種樹次年掛果。農村實行聯產承包責任制以后,實行誰種植銀杏樹誰受益的富民政策,種植銀杏樹成為當地農民致富的“搖錢樹”,這個縣已發展銀杏幼林數萬株。同時,采用人工授粉的新技術,使掛果率成倍增加。目前,新縣銀杏年平均產干果二十五萬斤,豐收之年超過三十萬斤。為河南之最,中國之首。河南新縣銀杏具有個大、粒飽、色白、營養豐富的特點。銀杏干果內含大量氫氰酸、蛋白質、組胺酸等十多種營養成分。為珍貴中藥材,其主要功能不僅抗癌,而且能斂肺定喘,對冠心病、高血脂、腦血栓、婦科多種病癥療效甚佳。近幾年來,香港、臺灣以及東南亞的客戶,利用干銀杏果制出一種新產品“開心果”,男女老少若遇不開心之事,吃幾粒小小“開心果”,會頓覺心情舒朗開闊,精神興奮。這主要是利用銀杏定心安神之功效。銀杏全身都是寶,干果入藥,樹皮可熬拷膠,樹干系高稚建筑、雕刻、工藝品極好的原材料,樹葉專利出口日本,走俏國際市場。近兩年來,江浙一帶男女結婚,專程前往新縣出高價購買銀杏原木做席夢思床,據說新郎新娘睡上銀杏樹床,能和睦相守、益壽延年、長命百歲。
中原地區蓋屋上梁、新婚典禮時,將銀杏干果染成紅綠色,分給孩子們吃,亦系吉祥如意的象征。每年中秋佳節期間,海內外朋友紛紛到“中國銀杏之鄉河南新縣一游,在那古木參夭、碩果累累的銀杏樹下飽覽秋色,倍感開心。
Xinxian Gingko
Xinxian is a major producing area for gingko in China, whose gingkoes are big, white and nutritious and enjoy a good reputation all around the world. Xinxian gingkoes have been Henan large native export products. Xinxian also earns the praise of the Hometown of Gingkoes in China.
According to the work Compendium of Materia Medica, gingko is also called Baiguo or Gongsun tree which is a deciduous and dioecism tree. It only survived in China 20 million years ago when glaciers almost destroyed all plants and animals at that time. The archaeologist, Guo Moruo praised it as the Eastern Holy, other archaeologists and geologists also praised it as plants' living fossil. Xinxian has a long history of planting gingkoes from Yuchi Jingde planted gingko tree three more than 1000 years ago. In as early as Tang and Song Dynasty, precious gingkoes produced in Xinxian had become a tribute. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the government pays more attention on its production and expands gingko's cultivated areas.