天麻,稀有名貴中藥材。別名赤箭,盧氏民間稱“仙人腳”,系蘭科寄生草本植物。莖單一,圓柱形,黃褐色,高約30~40厘米。葉退化呈鱗片狀。膜質,長 1~2厘米,花淡黃綠色,藥用其地下塊莖。塊莖有扁圓形,干后半透明,淡棕黃色,有皺縮溝紋和由點狀班痕組成的橫環紋,頂端優紅色芽孢(俗稱鸚鵡咀),下端有圓臍疤痕。質堅實,不易折斷,斷面呈角質樣。其藥永嘉之高,主要含有香英藍醇、維生素A、甙類及少量生物堿。性溫味辛,主要成分為天麻素,有平肝熄風、訂丁止莖的功能。可治頭暈目眩、痙攣抽搐、語言蹇澀、癱瘓不遂、四肢麻木和風濕腿疼等癥。盧氏野生天麻量大質優,主要分布在獅子坪、瓦窯溝、官坡等深山區鄉。清末民國器件曾銷馬山口(內鄉)、小禹州(禹州)、北京、天津等第。建國后產量和收購量均居全省首位,常年收購量3000公斤左右,最高年收購 4000余公斤。由于質優藥效高,很受南方各省歡迎。1983年廣交會、1984年河南百泉和江西省樟樹全國醫藥交流會上,各地指名選購盧氏天麻,價值高于四川、漢中等地的產品。1963年獅子坪藥農開始人工試種天麻。全省天麻主要產區還有欒川、西峽等山區。欒川亦有許多農民人工種植天麻,產量舉全省之冠,被譽為“天麻之鄉”。
Tall Gastrodia Tuber
Tall gastrodia tuber is a rare and precious Chinese herbal crop with other names of rhizoma gastrodiae and immortal's feet. It belongs to orchidaceae and parasitic plant with a single, cylindrical, yellow-brown colored and 30 to 40cm stem. Its leaves degenerate to squama shape and membranous with a length of 1 to 2cm, whose flowers are in light yellow and green color, underground tuber can be used medically. This plant, which has thick natural quality so that it is not easy to break off, contains vitamin A, glycosides and a little alkaloid. Its nature is warm and major element is gastrodin which determine that it has medical functions of calming liver wind, butyl check for stem and can cure diseases of dizziness, spasm, difficult sluggish speech, paralysis, numb limb, rheumatism, etc.
Lu family's wild tall gastrodia tuber is high-quality and in a high yield, which is mainly produced in Shiziping Village, Wayaogou Village, Guanpo Village and other villages in deep mountain regions. Mountain areas in Luanchuan County and Xixia County are also main producing area in Henan Province, among which Luanchuan County is praised as the Hometown of Tall Gastrodia Tuber for its highest yield in our province.