竹筍,是竹的幼芽,也稱為筍。竹為多年生常綠草本植物,食用部分為初生、嫩肥、短壯的芽或鞭。竹原產中國,類型眾多,適應性強,分布極廣。全世界共計有 30個屬550種,盛產于熱帶、亞熱帶和溫帶地區。中國是世界上產竹最多的國家之一,共有22個屬、200多種,分布全國各地,以珠江流域和長江流域最多,秦嶺以北雨量少、氣溫低,僅有少數矮小竹類生長。
竹筍,在我國自古被當作“菜中珍品”,在營養上,過去有不少人認為,竹筍味道雖然鮮美,但是沒有什么營養,有的甚至認為“吃一餐筍要刮三天油”。這種認識是不準確的。 竹筍含有豐富的蛋白質、氨基酸、脂肪、糖類、鈣、磷、鐵、胡蘿卜素、維生素B1、B2、C。每100g鮮竹筍含干物質9.79g、蛋白質3.28g、碳水化合物4.47g、纖維素0.9g、脂肪0.13g、鈣22mg、磷56mg、鐵0.1mg,多種維生素和胡蘿卜素含量比大白菜含量高一倍多;而且竹筍的蛋白質比較優越,人體必需的賴氨酸、色氨酸、蘇氨酸、苯丙氨酸,以及在蛋白質代謝過程中占有重要地位的谷氨酸和有維持蛋白質構型作用的胱氨酸,都有一定的含量,為優良的保健蔬菜。
中醫認為竹筍味甘、微寒,無毒。在藥用上具有清熱化痰、益氣和胃、治消渴、利水道、利膈爽胃等功效。竹筍還具有低脂肪、低糖、多纖維的特點,食用竹筍不僅能促進腸道蠕動,幫助消化,去積食,防便秘,并有預防大腸癌的功效。竹筍含脂肪、淀粉很少,屬天然低脂、低熱量食品,是肥胖者減肥的佳品。養生學家認為,竹林叢生之地的人們多長壽,且極少患高血壓,這與經常吃竹筍有一定關系。
Bamboo Shoots
Bamboo shoots are buds of bamboos which are perennial evergreen herbs and whose edible parts are newborn and tender mud. Bamboo has a large amount of varieties, strong adaptability and wide spread. China is one of the countries owning the most bamboos, most of which spread in Pearl River Valley and Yangtze River basin.
Bamboo shoot is regarded as Treasure in Dishes from ancient time. It contains nutrition like protein, amino acid, fat, sugar, carotene, vitamin B1, B2, C, etc, so that it is a good healthy vegetable. In the view of traditional Chinese medical science, bamboo shoots have curative effects of clearing heat, eliminating phlegm, tonifying Qi, warming stomach, dispelling drinking and urine, removing diaphragm, preventing colon cancer and so on. Furthermore, bamboo shoots contain little fat and amylum so that it is a good choice for the fat to lose weight.