田山“武皇十萬宮廷樂”隊,位于洛陽市洛龍區(qū)龍門鎮(zhèn)田山村,樂隊有30余人,古樂器有管子、笙、笛、背鼓、云鑼、云板、碰鈴等。田山“武皇十萬宮廷樂”是從大唐傳承綿延而來的。據(jù)史料記載,大唐武則天年間“武皇十萬宮廷樂舞”規(guī)模盛大,氣勢恢宏,樂器有300余種,表演人員1600余人,武則天為其作詞、作曲、編導(dǎo)。武則天駕崩,“武皇十萬宮廷樂舞”的樂師們紛紛歸隱寺廟和流落民間。白居易后裔白長樂,系白居易第18代孫,在宋宣和年間到汝州風穴寺進香,偶聽和尚奏樂,懇求傳藝,在寺中一學就是三個春秋。他回村后組織樂隊傳藝,自此,“武皇十萬宮廷樂”被這位老人發(fā)揚光大,在龍門石窟、關(guān)林廟上演繹著一曲曲皇家雅樂,“昔日王謝堂前燕,飛入尋堂百姓家”。這支樂隊到明嘉靖年間由白氏傳入張氏由張本立主吹管子,一直綿延到今天第二十代。隨著朝代變遷和社會變化,直到辛亥革命推翻清王朝統(tǒng)治后,這支樂隊仍然保持著祖?zhèn)飨聛淼囊?guī)矩,從不參加民間婚喪嫁娶,只在龍門石窟、關(guān)林廟朝圣大典上展示自己的精湛的技藝。現(xiàn)保留有民國年間關(guān)林廟朝圣大典用的清道旗和令旗各兩面。
“十萬宮廷樂”使用的樂器均為“文物級”的唐代古樂器,如管子,有近千年的歷史,古圓笙為數(shù)百年,圓笙內(nèi)的笙苗上的文字古老,是東漢時期發(fā)明的數(shù)學籌碼文字。笛有數(shù)百年歷史是古老方法制作的,笛身6等孔,不設(shè)半音,而現(xiàn)代笛子孔間不等分,所以能吹奏出半音。云板也有數(shù)百年歷史,在樂器中起節(jié)拍作用,馬啼長號、傳鑼起清道作用。從80年代后,樂隊參加了關(guān)林廟國際朝圣大典(關(guān)林廟有碑記載),牡丹花會開幕式等演出近百場,中央電視臺、河南電視臺進行了多次報道(保留中央電視臺錄制專題片“田山絕響”光盤一套),有關(guān)專家和新聞媒體稱贊其為“音樂化石”、“河洛一絕”、“千古絕響”、“中原第一家”。現(xiàn)樂隊資金短缺、樂器品種單調(diào)、演奏隊伍老齡化,使“武皇十萬宮廷樂”這一古老的藝術(shù)處于茍延殘喘的境地。相信在各級政府的重視下,“武皇十萬宮廷樂”這一千古絕響必將走向新生。
The Music For the Royal
The play group of The Music For the Royal lives in Tianshan Village, Longmen, Luoyang city. This group has more than 30 members and use pipes, bamboo flute, Chinese gong chimes and other instruments to play. According to historical materials, The Music For the Royal, created in Wu Zetian period of Tang Dynasty, has large scale and magnificent imposing manner. It uses over 300 kinds of instruments, played by over 1600 persons at one time, directed and written words, music by the Emperor, Wu Zetian. After the Emperor's death, this music leaps to folk. Bai Changle, a descendant of Bai Juyi, ever heard this music by chance in Fengxue Temple in the Xuanhe period of Song Dynasty and then learned it for 3 years and organized a group to play it. This magnificent music was promoted by him. Nowadays, it has experienced 20 generations but still remains original principles, that is, never participate general weddings and funerals but only play in pilgrimage ceremonies in the Longmen Grottoes and Guanlin Temple.
After 1980s, this music group has played for more than 100 times in activities like International Pilgrimage Ceremony in Guanlin Temple, the Opening Ceremony of Peony Show and so on. The most influential national TV station CCTV and provincial station HNTV report it many times. Some exports and media praise it as Living Fossil in Music, A Unique Talent in Heluo, the Best Music from Time Immemorial and the No.1 in Central Plain.