梅花拳是中國文武雙修的唯一拳種,在1988年的漢城奧運會上,梅花拳的梅花樁功作為唯一代表中國民間競技項目在開幕式上進行表演,受到世界觀眾的喜愛。
出生于內(nèi)黃縣的清朝武探花楊炳是我國歷史上有文獻記載最早的梅花拳大師,他著述的《習(xí)武序》被視為武術(shù)經(jīng)典。作為梅花拳發(fā)源地的內(nèi)黃縣,卻面臨著傳承危機。隨著一些老拳師的相繼離世和一些中青年拳師的外出打工,再加上沒有一所培訓(xùn)學(xué)校,致使內(nèi)黃梅花拳傳承脫節(jié)。
梅花拳簡介
據(jù)近年來史學(xué)家、武學(xué)家的研究,認為梅花拳創(chuàng)建于明末清初。
一輩始祖“收元老祖”(朱永元),
二輩張三省(張振書),
三輩王紅亮(鄒宏義),
四輩江蘇銅山縣北街人鄒文聚(鄒志剛,鄒宏義子)、河南濮陽縣徐鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)蔡吉村人蔡光瑞、河南濮陽縣王家可棗人王西征、河南濮陽縣城東南老人集人孟有德。
五輩河南省內(nèi)黃縣城關(guān)鎮(zhèn)丁莊人楊炳(字虎文,號松巖),河南省內(nèi)黃縣化村人王登榜,河南省濮陽東南八公橋人孫盤龍,河南濮陽縣八公橋鄉(xiāng)于家洼韓化禮,河南省濮陽縣城東老人集人孟守玉,河南省清豐縣大屯鄉(xiāng)雷家村人雷 信、雷子洞,以及鄒文聚的三個兒子鄒克諧、鄒克讓、鄒克誠。后來濮陽縣蔡光瑞到河北省平鄉(xiāng)縣后馬莊傳徒張復(fù),孫盤龍、韓化禮也在河北才收徒傳拳,從此梅花拳在冀、魯、豫、京、津廣大地區(qū)傳播起來。
梅花拳“取梅花在冬未盡、春未到之時開放,含先知先覺之意,合先備先用之理,達先發(fā)制勝之效”;且按天干地支分作五勢,如梅花開放,故取名梅花拳。
“梅花拳”簡稱“梅拳”,因過去練功枝擊在樁上練習(xí),所以又叫“梅花樁”,全稱“干枝五勢梅花樁”,后來由于時代變革,栽樁百根以上,造價高,又費事,改為以磚代樁,再后來干脆在地上演練,故又叫“落地干枝梅花拳“。因其師徒關(guān)系密切,重于尊師愛徒。師徒如父子,故有“父子拳”之稱。有的地方叫“花拳”。“梅花拳”是我國武術(shù)中著名的優(yōu)秀拳種之一,內(nèi)容豐富,形勢多樣,具有強身健體、舒筋、壯骨祛病延年的實際效用。不論技擊擒拿都有特殊的招式,對防身健體是隨心應(yīng)手,特別是武德高尚、尊大愛小、謙虛忍讓,是中華武術(shù)寶庫中的絢麗瑰寶。
梅花拳五世祖師楊炳,河南內(nèi)黃縣丁莊人,康熙壬辰科(1712年)武探花。在朝竟技獲勝,任康熙御前侍衛(wèi),他將梅花拳在北京大大推廣,人稱“老楊拳”。這些在歷史博物館明清檔案“軍機處錄副奏折”中均有記載。辭朝還鄉(xiāng)的楊炳雖正處在靜養(yǎng)之時,猶斤斤以武藝為念於乾隆七年寫下了武學(xué)經(jīng)典《習(xí)武序》。《習(xí)武序》將佛儒道思想、周易法則熔匯於拳理功法;高揚“武可以百年不用,不可一日不備”之哲理;推崇“自古圣帝明王莫不隆文重武,公卿大夫率皆出將入相”之榜樣;鞭撻了“庸儒俗子互相譏笑,文而弗武、武而弗文”之不良風(fēng)氣;首次提出“時而窮也可以保身保家,時而達也可以衛(wèi)君衛(wèi)國,治四海如磐石之安,登萬民於仁壽之域”的尚武價值觀。楊炳將習(xí)武與治世相結(jié)合的思想在武術(shù)史上具有里程碑之意義而熠熠生輝。楊炳還制定了“習(xí)武規(guī)矩十二條”和“五戒”、“五要”之拳規(guī)戒律,用東方文化對習(xí)武的道德行為做出明確規(guī)范。
Neihuang Plum Blossom Boxing
Plum Blossom Boxing is the only boxing emphasizing scientific training and martial training as well. In Hancheng Olympic Games in 1988, its plum-blossom stake exercise gave a show as the only representative of Chinese folk sports and received a widely welcome.
According to researches, Plum Blossom Boxing originates from the end of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. Yang Bing, born in Neihuang in Qing Dynasty, was the first master of Plum Blossom Boxing recorded in document. He set up 12 martial rules and five-warning and five-demanding doctrines, which provided an explicit standard for moral martial actions. Pitifully, as the birth-land of plum blossom boxing, Neihuang is facing the problem of passing it on.
Plum Blossom Boxing is called Plum Boxing for short and plum-blossom stake because it's trained on wood stake. However, for this training means is very expensive and troublesome, it develops into being trained on bricks and finally on ground. Plum Blossom Boxing is a famous excellent one in Chinese martial art and has functions of strengthening physique, relaxing veins, heightening bones and prolonging life. Besides, it also contains martial virtue like respecting the old, caring the young, being modest and noble and so on. All these characteristics make it a magnificent treasure in Chinese martial art.